Religion in Singapore Essay -- Religion, Asian History

INTRODUCTION The major trusts of the world are no longer distant from us. They are now closer to us than we kindle conceive our neighbors, schools, offices and market places. These beliefs and faiths are much a part of our everyday lives, which make it important for us to go through a clear view of our history, teaching, usance and traditions, so we can better relate to people who profess them. In this research paper, I endeavor to make a small, but intensive office and bring to light religious history on Singapore. The philosophy of religion is different to various people. But in all we can say that religion is a set of beliefs and practices of a particular individual or group of people or sects. In any nation or society, people have a caboodle of cultural structure, belief structure and world views that create symbols that relate to spirituality and moral values. Many religions have symbols and traditions, passed in from generations down that are intended to gi ve life a meaning or explain its origin. Many countries if not all have their own religion. Some practice one, others twain and many others are known for their polygamous religions. Among these countries, we have Singapore. There are many religions in Singapore considering the fact that many ethnic groups exist. That is to say, there are many religions in Singapore as a result of their different beliefs. It is home to ten religions. Coming into Singapore, the first thing you will notice the sort of its citizens.. Singapore is an uncommon but corporeal sample of a nation where people from different facets of life, live together, irrespective of their tribe or religion, without fear or favor. As a matter of fact freedom of worship is topm... ...ment/Government-Restrictions-Index-(GRI).aspxReligion in Singapore. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. Ethno-religious Conflicts. Dawodu.Com - Premier Site Dedicated to Nigerias Socio-Political and Economic Issues since 1998. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. http//www.dawodu.com/adeyemi3.htm8 http//app.www.sg/who/31/Pre-Colonial-History.aspxAsiaweb . n.d. 3 december 2011 .buddha dharma production. 1996. 16 november 2011 .Guruswamy, Rekha. live.com. n.d. 16 october 2011 .Pew forum. 17 2009 december. 17 november 2011 .Straits Times. 20 Janurary 2009. .Wikipedia. n.d. october 2011.

Soliloquies Essay - Kates Soliloquy in The Taming of the Shrew :: Taming Shrew Essays

Kates Soliloquy in The Taming of the Shrew           Kates soliloquy brings about a joyous conclusion to The Taming of the Shrew.  The audience leaves the theatre with a winsome vox populi, glad that such a shrew could be tamed so well.  Kate herself realised the error of her ways, reservation the men feel confident while making the women feel safe.  Moreover, the audience found the speech to be very sound and sensible, as the views expressed in the play were extremely popular at that denominate in time.         Kate, in realising her iniquitous ways, made the men feel extremely confident of their status in Elizabethan society, and effectively reinforced their beliefs about their induce strength.  Also, Shakespeare succeeds in creating a feeling of safety for the female audience, as well as in making them feel as through they are judge for their kindness to men, and in the norm.  Women, not having a strong role in society at that time, enjoyed receiving praise and encouragement for their purpose in society.  Furthermore, they felt clear(p) as Kate solemnly insulted the disobedient women (Bianca and the Widow), telling them to Come, come, you froward and unable worms.  It may also be said that this play, as well as similar plays of the Elizabethan era, assisted in contributing to the oppression of females in society for an innumerable amount of  years.         After the conclusion of The Taming of the Shrew, including Kates soliloquy, the audience is left with a proud feeling - proud of the fact that Petruchio tamed such a shrew so well.  The men of the audience are about with feeling of satisfaction and justification. Shakespeare skillfully catered towards both sexes by using Petruchio much like the stereotypical action figure of today a character who does the unbelievable effortlessly and leaves the audience in awe.& nbsp In the play Petruchio, short after the inception of his skillful wooing, begins a plan to kill a wife with kindness. Craftily he gives her anything that she pleases, only to airlift it away when he finds a flaw in the item.  he also resorts to keeping Kate as a prisoner in his home, until she slowly becomes subservient and tractable to him.

My Big Sister :: College Admissions Essays

My Big Sister   She was so concentrated on her task that at first she did not cop the quiet voice behind her. In one hand she held an enormous clear plastic bag, and with the other she was picking scarves off a display coerce and haphazardly stuffing them into the bag. She worked quickly because after an hour in the town hall, she was ready to head home. An hour of speeches read in a passionate prostrate had left her feeling a strange apathy.   She usually enjoyed the annual Homeless Vigil, and had worked very hard to collect the hats and scarves she now treated with such indifference. Standing wholly on the now empty stage and gazing out into the rows of decaying wooden chairs, she tried to imagine the people her work would help, but found she didnt really care. All she could think about was getting out of that old building and going somewhere with central heating.   With a sudden clarity, she realized that she didnt want to be a get out of this farce anymore. Wh at did it mean if a few middle class families got together once a year to be preached at by a set of tired social service workers? They listened patiently for an hour, then donated a few bucks to assuage their consciences. They drove home in their foreign cars to their nice two tosh houses and ate a hot meal, confident that they had paid their dues to humanity. If they could be so easily satisfied, so could she.   Excuse me, maam? Finally the voice got her attention, and she turned around. The refined voice belonged to an equally small boy shifting nervously from foot to foot.   What is it, Hon? she managed a tired smile.   I heard your speech tonight, about all those kids who dont postulate anywhere to live. You said that you were collecting clothes and stuff to keep them warm.   Thats right. This time of year it is especially hard for them.

1980 African American Education :: essays research papers

1980s African American EducationAmount of Blacks in college     1980 Impressive 718,000     1987 Growing more slowly, 855,000*1988 glide back down to 785,000*In 1988, the enrollment of black men declined, while it increased for women. There were 179,000 black women in college, then black men. Percentold age of highs condition graduates going to college     1960-1970 Males exceeded women     1980s women overtake men and never lost the leadPopular concentration in education in the 1980s1981 business and attention were the most popular of all black bachelors degree recipients. 13,325 blacks earned a bachelors degree in business and centering (40% earned in historically black colleges). The Black and White Gap"The average scores of black students ease up remained well below those of whites, and at age 17, the reading achievement of black students was lower last year than it was in 1988a depressing r eversal of the gains made over the previous two decades," Michael T. Nettles, the ill-doing chairman of the National Assessment Governing Board, said at a press conference held here former(a) last month to release the results. The unconditional panel oversees National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)In just about every age group and in every subject, the test-score gap amongst white and African-American students has grown since 1986, reversing a trend in which the discrepancies decreased from the time the exams were first given in 1969, 1971, and 1973. Since the mid-1980s, gaps in several subjects and age groups have grown by statistically significant amounts.Resegregation occurring againStudies finds the causes for resegregation stemming from a number of social and political factors a series of court rulings beginning in the late 1980s that reversed many of the desegregation orders, the growing isolation of whites in suburban schools, and the increasing segregation of blacks and Hispanics in suburban schools.

Bass Fishing 101 :: essays research papers fc

Tight LinesThe fog drifts lazily above the murky swamp water as I slowly ease my boat toward an ancient, moss cover cypress tree. A bullfrog croaks its early morning greeting and somewhere off in the distance an unknown creature screeches as the hair on the back of my neck stands on end.The old tree was the site of a recent battle between a monstrous black inscrutable and me. A battle in which the big bass taught me a valu adapted lesson in humility. I have a wad more respect for her and her kind. She never gave up the fight at any time during our encounter. Her fierce determination eventually paid off and she swam away in victory. So now, I visit that part now and then, not really wanting to catch her, but perhaps just to say hello.Bass fishing has been a part of my life for as long as I can remember. Some of my earliest memories are of my family and me out at a local pond. We learned about fishing, nature, and a lot about each other at that old water hole. I think fondly of my childhood and I am grateful that I was able to experience those things. With that in mind, it comes as a surprise when Im asked for my opinion on a certain technique or even something as simple, or complex, as tying a knot. Ive always assumed e reallybody knew how to fish. Dautreuil 2Before we go out and tackle that feisty old bass that lives under the cypress tree, here are a few basics that we should keep in mind. Bass fishing can be a very relaxing sport as well as a great way to learn about our environment.What is a bass? A bass is a member of the perch family just on the larger side. There are striped bass, sand bass, hybrids and smallmouth, but the fish we are going after is my favorite. The largemouth bass bass, or black bass. This is the most pursued freshwater fish in the southern United States.The black bass can be broken refine into several different strains. Here in Louisiana, we are most likely to encounter the spotted bass, Florida bass and Kentucky bass. The latter two have been introduced into our waters to put up fish population and size. The black bass has a very large mouth. A grapefruit would easily fit into the mouth of a five-pound fish.

Bass Fishing 101 :: essays research papers fc

Tight LinesThe fog drifts lazily above the murky deluge water as I slowly ease my boat toward an ancient, moss covered cypress tree. A bullfrog croaks its early morning greeting and somewhere get rid of in the distance an unknown creature screeches as the hair on the back of my neck stands on end.The old tree was the site of a late(a) battle between a monstrous black bass and me. A battle in which the big bass taught me a valuable lesson in humility. I have a lot more respect for her and her kind. She never gave up the fight at any time during our impinge on. Her fierce determination eventually paying(a) off and she swam a manner in victory. So now, I visit that spot now and then, not really wanting to catch her, but perhaps only if to say hello.Bass fishing has been a part of my life for as long as I can remember. Some of my earliest memories are of my family and me extinct at a local pond. We learned about fishing, nature, and a lot about each other at that old water hole. I reckon fondly of my childhood and I am grateful that I was able to experience those things. With that in mind, it comes as a surprise when Im asked for my conviction on a certain technique or even something as simple, or complex, as tying a knot. Ive always assumed everybody knew how to fish. Dautreuil 2Before we go out and tackle that feisty old bass that lives under the cypress tree, here are a few basics that we should take in mind. Bass fishing can be a very relaxing sport as well as a great way to learn about our environment.What is a bass? A bass is a member of the perch family just on the larger side. There are striped bass, sand bass, hybrids and smallmouth, but the fish we are going after is my favorite. The largemouth bass, or black bass. This is the most pursued freshwater fish in the gray United States.The black bass can be broken down into several different strains. Here in Louisiana, we are most likely to encounter the spotted bass, Florida bass and Kentucky bass . The latter two have been introduced into our waters to enhance fish population and size. The black bass has a very large mouth. A grapefruit would easily fit into the mouth of a five-pound fish.

Job Analysis Methods

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT 1 inside learning OF METHODS OF GETTING INFORMATION FOR JOB ANALYSIS caper analysis may be defined as a ruleical process of collecting information on the functionally relevant aspects of a business. It involves business organization description (determining the duties and skill requirements of a crinkle) and job specification (determining the kind of person who should be hired for the job). The methods of Job Analysis are as follows 1. INTERVIEW METHOD This tool is considered to be very economic consumptionful to the analysis of jobs.It is a method to collect a multifariousness of information from an incumbent and executive programs by asking them (individually or as a group) to describe the tasks and duties performed. The benefits are that it allows the incumbent to describe tasks and duties that are not observable. However, they may magnify or omit tasks and duties. Three types ofinterviewsare used to collectjob analysisdata *Individua linterviewswith eachemployee. * Groupinterviewswith groups of employees having the same job, and *Interviewsupervisor who are knowledgeable about the jobbeing analyzed.Interviews consist of structured Interviews and unstructured interviews. 2. QUESTIONNAIRE METHODS There are many techniques, one of them which is 3. POSITION ANALYSIS QUESTIONNAIRE (PAQ MODEL) This specimen developed by McCormick, Jeanerette, and Mecham (1972) is a structured instrument of job analysis to measure job characteristics and then associate them with human characteristics. It consists of 195 job elements that describe generic wine human behaviors during work activities. It includes 1. Information input (where and how the worker gets information), 2.Mental processes (reasoning and other processes that workers use), 3. Work output (physical activities and tools used on the job), 4. Relationships with other persons, and 5. Job context (the physical and favorable contexts of work). Over the years it has been happen upond that there exists a wealth of research on the PAQ since it has yielded reasonably good reliability estimates and has been linked to several assessment tools. 4. poster In this method incumbents are observed performing their jobs which enables the trained job psychoanalyst to obtain first-hand knowledge and information about the job being analyzed.This method is suited for jobs in which the work behaviors are 1) observable or 2) job tasks are short in duration or 3) jobs in which the job analyst can learn information about the job through observation. With observation, the trained job analyst can obtain first-hand knowledge and information about the job being analyzed. It allows the job analyst to see the work environment, tools and equipment used, interrelationships with other workers, and complexity of the job. 5.CRITICAL INCIDENT TECHNIQUE (CIT model) This method applied to discover behaviors towards working which can ease classify performance into a good and bad level. Theseobservationsare used to solve practical problems and develop psychological principles. The main purposes are buildingjob descriptions, job specification and job standards, creating a list of good and bad behaviors which can then be used forperformance appraisal and testing the lastingness ofthe jobdescription and job specification. . WORK SAMPLING This method is ameasurement techniqueforthequantitativeanalysis ofnon-repetitiveorirregularly occurring activity. Work take operates by an observer taking a series of random observations on a particular thing of interest (machine, operating room, dock etc. ) to observe its state (working, idle, sleeping etc. ). When enough samples are taken, an analysis of the observations yields a statistically valid indication of the states foreach thing analyzed.It is relatively inexpensive to use and extremely helpful in providing a deeper understanding of all types of operations. 7. REPERTORY GRID Therepertory grid technique is a method for eliciting personal constructs, i. e. what state think about a given topic. It is based on George KellysPersonal Construct Theory. It is called a grid because one way of doing it is to use a matrix with the tribe along one side and the similitude and contrast poles along another side. The method is as follows Identify a range of 10-20 people who do the job (these are calledelements). * Select three at random. * Select two that seem more similar in some way. * Identify what it is about them that is similar (this is thesimilarity pole). * Identify what is different about the other person (this is thecontrast pole). * Repeat this until you have about 20 contrasts. * Thin this down to about 10 by combining similar contrasts. The remaining contrasts should give a good idea of the factors that make up the job.

Hamlet: Literary

In the play of small town, Shakespeare sets up ternion plots of revenge which involve three characters, each determined to avenge their deceased loved ones. Revenge is essenti entirelyy a pass element in the play and can be nonable as an important theme. Revenge is often lead by uncontrolled emotions, affecting an individuals thoughts and feelings differently and provoking the individual to act without a reason. The play helps us question the justifiability and benefits of revenge through the storys individual characters. faggot Hamlet appears as a ghost and informs Hamlet that he was kill in his sleep by Claudius. He tells his son that while he was sleeping, Claudius poured poison into his ear. Hamlet is shocked by the ghosts words. The ghost asks Hamlet to Revenge his choke and most unnatural murder. (I. 5. 25) Prince Hamlet vows to avenge his grows death, and promises not hurt his mother even though he culls her for re-marrying to his uncle right after his beats death. Since the revenge was requested, and not Prince Hamlets aver decision, we could question if Hamlet would consider avenging his father, even if he wasnt told to. We are aware that Hamlet is depressed about his fathers death, his mother re-marrying, and the lack of mourning the kingdom is doing for the death of the King, but he does not commit suicide even though he considers it at one point. Hamlets loneliness, feelings of anger, and sorrow would certainly compel him to avenge his fathers death by killing Claudius. A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. (III. 3. 77)Hamlet doesnt immediately avenge his fathers death, he goes through a phase where he contemplates and delays when he should commit the act of killing Claudius. Fortinbras is another character in the play who feels the wish to avenge his fathers death by reclaiming the land his father lost to King Hamlet. Both Prince Hamlet and Prince Fortinbras have uncles who have taken their deceased fathers rightful spot at King while the Princes plot a way to avenge their fathers.Fortinbras builds an army to take back the territories they lost while as well attacking Denmark, making him a problem for Denmark. Now, sir, young Fortinbras, of unimproved mettle hot and full, hath in the skirts of Norway here and there sharked up a list of outlaw(a) resolutes, for food and diet, to some enterprise that hath a stomach int which is no other as it doth well appear unto our state but to recover of us, by arduous hand and terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands so by his father lost and this, I take it, is the main motive of our preparations (I. 1. 95) This particular quote helps us perceive how dissolute Fortinbras acts towards avenging his father. He takes action without delay, as apposed to Hamlet who suspends his opportunities. While discussing with his mother, Hamlet suspects that there is a spy in the room. How now? A rat? Dead, for a ducat, utterly (I II. 4. 23) Assuming that it is Claudius, Hamlet draws his sword and strikes at the curtain where curious Polonius is eaves dropping. Receiving the news of his fathers death, Laertes is vows to avenge his father. How came he dead? Ill not be juggled with to hell, allegiance vows, to the blackest devil Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit I dare damnation. To this point I stand, that both the worlds I give to negligence, let come what comes exclusively Ill be revenged most thoroughly for my father. Laertes responds swiftly, his words full of venom. Just like Fortinbras, Laertes acts immediately surging into the castle, prepared to punish the person responsible for his fathers death. (IV. 5. 35) Claudius is able to manipulate Laertes and Hamlet in a duel, claiming that Revenge should have no bounds (IV. 7. 128) and promising that Hamlet would be poisoned to death. At this point of the play, all three sons are committed to avenging their fathers deaths. Laertes is also notifie d that Ophelia has drowned, further upsetting him, and worsening the current situation. The three significant characters Hamlet, Fortinbras, and Laertes each have their own ways of seeking vengeance, for their fathers deaths and obtaining their desires.Fortinbras uses revenge as an excuse to send in his army to take back the territories his father lost to King Hamlet, which justifies that he wants some sort of control. Hamlet and Laertes know that their fathers have been wronged. Hamlet suffers from depression, and the kingdom does not know the true reason hindquarters his fathers death, so he is determined to reveal truth and overturn his uncle. Laertes is enraged about his father and sisters unnecessary death, blaming Hamlet for the cause of it. The play can be viewed as a tragic story with multiple deaths mainly provoked by members of their own family and kingdom.They are compel to duel, and fight to the death to honor their fathers soul, rather then to resolve the situation in a civilized way. The motif revenge is recurring because the characters of the play feel the need avenge their fathers, they are driven mad by it, as it takes control of their mind. Their eyes are filled with hatred, distrust and despondency as they who were once friends, battle to the death. What they achieve at the end is a worthless effort, because it resulted in additional unnecessary deaths, that are not justifiable.

I have a dream speech Essay

I Have a Dream is the name of a speech Martin Luther tycoon, Jr. gave on several year ago while he was on Washington, D. C.. In his speech, he spoke of his wish for a better future. His wish was that stack of different races could live together peacefully in the States without separationism. He spoke of the discrimination that the black man has faced even though they were supposed to be treated equal when the emancipation proclamation was signed. Martin Luther mogul made an important quote on Abraham Lincoln where he said Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness.This was a promise that all work force, black and snow-clad men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights. He wanted to support his idea on what Abraham Lincoln said that all men are equal both dust coat and black men have the same rights. This speech left a legacy of equality of Rights for all men in the United States. Hundred days before Martin Luther King gave his speech black men were not free until Abraham Lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation. Through those hundred years black men werent treated as equal as white men.Black men were discriminated in all the United States because of their skin and the amount of racist mess back then was significant. Kings speech highly persuasive, he wanted to provoke everybody that heard his speech to have a feeling that segregation and discrimination should be stopped. In my opinion we have achieved Kings dream, today all men have equal rights and there arent differences amongst the races of people and the ability to pursuit happiness. Martin Luther King yearned a world where all the races were treated as one and there werent different between people in our country.Martin observed that one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free and black men were segregated to the slums and ghettos of the northern cities. The people who stood against King had the opinion that only white people deserved to be treated reasonably. Even though, they were few and didnt have a strong argument to arrest their point because there wasnt one. King inspired the majority of American people, and he brought equality for every race in America.

Mr Gangsta

D1 Evaluate the teams overall(a) effectiveness in meeting its objectives, making recommendations for improvements In this assignment I will be talking about the overall effectiveness of my team which consists of me, Aman, Boris and Ansaar in meeting its objectives. I will be talking about what went well when constructing this team for a specific purpose and what didnt go well. I will also be referring to Belbins, John Adairs and Tuckmans Theories.The second part of this assignment I will be giving recommendations for improvement of how team work in the future may be improved. In the P5 assignment I was given a labor movement to produce a confrontation which demonstrates team working as part of a team towards achieving specific purposes. In the unveiling the following points were include the benefits of team working, theories of team working and theories of leadership. Each team member in the team was given a specific role to complete which lead to the task ultimately beingness c ompleted.I was given the role to find information through research about Tuckmans four stages of team outgrowth, Aman was allocated to a role where he had to produce slides for Belbins theory, Boris was given the role to produce slides about John Adair and finally Ansaar had the role to provide a few slides about the benefits of team working. This team was a temporary team as it was only formed to complete a task. Throughout the task all(prenominal) team member was motivated to devote to the success of the task. Throughout the task the leadership was excellent as Boris the leader of this task allocated roles as soon as he becomes leader.Firstly we were supposed to choose the leader, Boris got the more or less votes for being the leader thus he had the responsibility to allocate us our roles immediately. Before producing our slides we were supposed to produce plans so that every person in the team knew what he was doing. The three steps were to allocate roles in the team, start s lides and the leader (Boris) has to analyse the work, and finally fix the slides and check for any spelling mistakes included in those slides. After this process was over we were able to finalize the slides. During the task all 4 members of the team were able to interact with the audience very well.While presenting the presentation each team member in the team had good shopping center contact with the audience which suggested that we knew what we were talking about and were confident in what we were give tongue to. We practiced this presentation some(prenominal) measures which reflected in our manner we presented our presentation. No individual in the free radical red of smart board as we had memorized the sentences thus we could use gestures while presenting the presentation. slip a expressive style movements was a essential requirement while presenting the presentation as when describing something you must use your hands for the point to be delivered to the audience.This mak es the audience intrigued in what you are saying as they would want you to continue speaking. Furthermore, each member in the team was allocated with a very specific role which had to be completed before a deadline. Our team leader Borris who was a democratic leader as he encouraged each team member in the team to say what they precious to so that those points fundament be brought up in the presentation. Boris gave us a specific date to complete the slides by so that any final areas can be checked for before presenting the presentation to the whole class.All 4 members in the team provided good communication skills as we were loud and clear at all occasions as the audience was able to hear what we were pointing out. Our group performed similar to the Tuckmans 4 stages of Team development. This gave us a guideline and a way we could perform in the team. The four stages of Tuckmans team development which are forming, storming, norming and performing were carried out by our team as we created successful business plans which conduct to the success of the task. Correction of spelling mistakes and grammar were made as no errors were to be found when we were conducting our presentation.Furthermore Boris had those 3 leadership skills which John Adair had during his time, those 3 leadership skills were the achievement of goal or task, the group of people performing the task, each individual member involved in the task. Boris followed these 3 leadership skills which led to the performance of our team being very good. These 3 leadership skills rubbed off on all of the former(a) members of the team as Boris led by example. When we were forming our teams which is the number one stage of team development of Tuckmans theory we had a slight problem.Both Ansaar and Warfa had equal rights to the team as they both participated equally. Neither one would oblige to go in another group as they had given equal contribution to the performance of the team. This is something which di d not go well as no one was willing to move to some other team. Finally the problem was resolved as Warfa volunteered to make his own group consisting of himself, Aman and Boris. This situation lasted for a prolonged period of time as neither of these individuals treasured to move into a different team.There were several other problems during the P5 task for instance during the presentation my hands were in my pockets which limited my use of gestures during the presentation. Furthermore during the presentation I realised that we communicated well with each other and the slides we presented had too little information. Our overall performance was good however if there was more information on each slide then the overall performance would have improved even more. Moreover Ansaar mostly red of the slides and didnt show much eye contact with the audience.He was a confident and loud speaker thus everyone was able to hear him however he kept reading of the smart board wherefore the teams overall performance decreased slightly. Hands in pockets are a key sign of disrespect and shows that you cannot be bothered to present the presentation. On a few occasions I was caught with my hands in my pockets and I was unaware of that. I presented my part of slides well and presented myself well to the audience however the lack of movement of hands slightly decreased the credibleness of my performance. There are several recommendations for improvement which can be applied on our team.The first being the point that I mentioned above hands in my pockets. When I present some other type of business presentation next time I wish to use my hands more for gestures and ways which I can present my point to the class more efficiently. This will improve the credibility of my speech and will make the class more intrigued to listen to what I have to say. Furthermore I would like my team to conduct a presentation more efficiently next time. I want to conduct a presentation where every team member has memorized all the words on the slides so that individual doesnt have to read of the slides.

Frued and Modern Psychoanalysis Essay

Modern psychoanalysis is a term coined by Hyman Spotnitz. Influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud, Dr. Spotnitz believed that the principles of psychoanalysis could be wide to cure the severe narcissistic disorders that Freud had deemed untreatable. (Sara Sheftel, 1991) Dr. Spotnitz and his colleagues described it as a body of theoretical and clinical approaches that could be used to envelop the full spectrum of emotional disorders and reach out the potential for treatment to pathologies thought to be untreatable by conventional methods.Modern psychoanalysis and other forms of psychotherapy are significantly different when compared to Freuds model of psychoanalysis back then. However, the popularity of the talking cure has remained present and people today actually realize that therapy works. When Freud first started treating patients this way, most people did not believe that only when talking about their problems would somehow fix physical issues too. Modern psychoanalysis ta kes Freuds basic theory of human psyche and use it as its beginning point.Modern psychoanalysis differs from other methods of psychoanalysis by following Freuds later work and the work of Melanie Klein in stressing the importance of dealing with destructive behaviors as advantageously as sexual motivation in order for the human psyche to evolve. (Pickren, 2010) Like all psychoanalysts, modern psychoanalysts emphasize the unconscious nature of a good deal of human motivation, the impact of the early development of mental functioning on later functioning, and the tendency of people to repeat patterns of handling emotional arousal states. in addition similar to other schools of psychoanalysis, modern psychoanalytic treatment emphasizes helping the patient talk progressively, working on resolving resistance to putting everything into words and on analyzing the transference of repetitive emotional patterns experienced with the analyst. (New England Association Schools and Colleges, 20 10) But we cannot deny the influence Freud has had upon thinking in the 20th and 21st centuries. This has spread throughout westward culture and into the international creative arts.His thoughts can be observed in art, literature, cinema and the stage. Notions of identity, memory, childhood, sexuality, and of meaning have been shaped in relation to and often in opposition to Freuds work. No doubt this influence will continue into the future. Psychoanalysis gained more popularity after Freuds death, but then decreased in popularity again in the modern world. People today are looking for a type of fast food, drive-thru style of treatment. Therapy using psychoanalysis requires using a much longer amount of time than our society today have the patience for.Less lengthy forms of psychotherapy is preferred today, such as psycho-dynamics, family therapy, and cognitive-behaviorism. Sigmund Freud solely changed how the Western world thinks of the mind and human behavior, by using and dev eloping techniques such as dream interpretation and free association. Freud has been universally acclaimed as well as he was deeply disliked by many who knew him for his personal views and his curt and deceptive personality. But for better or worse we live with a profound influence of Freuds style of psychoanalysis.

Keeping up with the changing demands of society

Education is defined as a procedure of information, readiness and acquisition, to develop accomplishments and best wisdom, particularly in grooms ( Oxford, 2010 ) . Since the morning of human civilisation, count slight minds cede made efforts to reply one peculiar inquiry What precisely argon the intents of counselling? Overtime, it became evident to Homo Sapiens that if these intents argon non defined, so instruction would hold no existent spellance or signifi brush offce in confederation. slightly intents of instruction do non alter harmonizing to clip, while others do. However, the root intent of instruction remains unchanged -keeping up with the ever-changing demands of society.Education has the fixed maps of consolidative and perpetuating a society it besides has the dynamic intents of doing feasible the changeless reclamation and growing of the establishments and civilization of a society. The modern kid goes undergoes instruction in order to ascertain some acco mplishments that keep society operation ( Universal, 1970 ) . When these demands of the society are met, people would get bug out to acknowledge the set of instruction, doing it an plus for removedther promotion. Hence, instruction, preparation and larning becomes an of import procedure in a individual s life history as he integrates into society.After the root intent of instruction has been identified, the other sub-purposes worry the disciplineing of individual(prenominal) mind and moral character, economic promotion and political facets comes into the im come on ( Kang, 2006 ) . In the modern epoch, the society is get downing to pay more attention to these sub-purposes as the root intent is already being considered as common cognition.Purpose of Education Civics & A good Development of SocietyCommenting on the importance of moral and municipal intrinsic worth in instruction, Confucius said, To love benevolence, inventiveness, trustiness in word, candor, bravery and s tiff strength, with tabu first loving acquisition is apt to take to stupidity, divergence from the refine way, destructive behaviour, dogmatism, insubordination and indiscipline severally ( Analectss, 17.8 ) .Contrary to popular beliefs, instruction is more than merely about the apprehension of progress tos taught by pedagogues or geting superior accomplishments call for to progress in a knowledge-based society. PM Lee one time said there are things, other than classs that we can accomplish in school ( Lee, 2004 ) . A holistic instruction, in both academic and non-academic facets, is of import in continuing capital of Singapore s society. Ideally, Moral Education should leave values such(prenominal) as staying Torahs and ordinances a sense of societal duty regard for others, their rights and dignity patience and chumminess, among many others. ( Rwantabagu, 2010 ) . It is about educating the pupils about the proper , correct and socially pass judgment behaviour before they become justy fledged grownups it is a procedure of dragging pupils out of their frog-in-the well outlook they are deriving exposure, wisdom and life experiences with the usage of Civics & A Moral Education ( CME ) .Figure 1Beginning Ministry of Education ( MOE ) , 2007Based on Figure 1, Singapore s Civics & A Moral Education ( CME ) aims at the development of sets of values, whereby, pupils are evaluate to be able to separate between right and wrong , genuinely view the significance and deductions on why a certain action is incorrect or right and do morally wise determinations and are responsible for their ain actions. The planning of the CME political program is designed to provide to a globalized Singapore where a knowledge-based economic system is on the rise.However, despite MOE s efforts to make a flawless CME, the responses received had been far from promoting. Students tend to pay less attending to Moral Education for cardinal chief grounds they are commitd t o take the subject and it will non electrical shock their overall classs. Form coachs normally rush by means of the CME lessons and utilize the staying clip to discourse constructs for their ain lessons ( experienced by the author ) and CME Classs are normally less piquant discoursing some moral values from books or through worksheets. If the current CME course of study continues, pupils will merely cover with jobs consistently, in conformity to values discussed in categories without genuinely understanding the principle behind the believing procedure involved before determination devising and perpetrating the existent action.CME s defects are caused by two factors. T to each oneers are non outfit with the necessary accomplishments and resources to carry on prosecuting CME categories, ensuing in pupil s deficiency of involvement. Furthermore, there is besides non adequate emphasize is being placed on CME merely one or two lessons per hebdomad. Both pupils and instructors hav e to recognize that a bookman with no moral values is a autocrat in doingTeachers themselves have to see the importance of moral instruction in order to learn the subject with passion and lick pupils personal character. Harmonizing to the self-rule theory ( SDT ) of human motive and personality ( Deci & A Ryan, 2002 ) , if all three human demands for independency, competency and relatedness are fulfilled, one will see optimum personal growing and operation ( Wang, 2008 ) . Educators should use this theory to progress pupils cognitive development and understand how motive can be instilled in them. In order to better the state of affairs, instructors and pupils can besides supply constructive feedback to MOE s course of study planning commission in order to propose prosecuting ways for pupils to cultivate good moral values while holding merriment. Schools can besides join forces with parents in pupils CME by promoting continual cultivation of moral values impertinent course of study hours with the supervising and counsel from several parents. Mutual partnership between society, schools ( particularly pupils and instructors ) and households should be the way that CME should be heading towards. A society enriched with good moral values will so put a strong foundation for economic promotion chances.Purpose Economic Promotion of Society through EducationMankind took about 1750 old ages from the beginning of civilisation to duplicate the technological cognition. By 1900, this is 150 old ages subsequently, technological cognition doubled yet once more. It took half a century ( 1900 1950 ) for the following doubling the following doubling in a decennary ( 1950 1960 ) and today, adult male s cognition of the Universe has quadrupled during each of the past three decennaries ( Sundararajan, 1995 ) . The turning point of this technological betterment in humanity is the find of the watercourse use which brought about the Industrial Revolution.Without technologica l cognition being discovered and built originally through instruction ( as most of the research workers and discoverers are educated by some signifier of orb instruction ) , society will non be able to progress economically at the same astonishing rate that society has been sing. In add-on, the ancient political orientation of comparing extremely educated people as holding a bright hereafter still remains in modern society. Figures 2.1 and 2.2 ( shown beneath ) relate instruction degree, employment and income degree in America. Both figures show a resembling tendency that as a individual progresss in his educational degree, his corresponding income additions and his employment chance additions. Predictably, the state of affairs in Singapore is no exclusion.Fig 2.1Note Datas are based on 2009 one-year norms for individuals age 25 and above and wages are for full-time United States employees. Taken from hypertext transfer protocol //www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htmFig 2.2( Beginnin g hypertext transfer protocol //www.focus.com/images/view/8740/ and the representation of Labor Statistics, United States )Professor Neo Boon Siong, ( former Director of the Asia Competitiveness Institute at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in NUS ) explained that the chief societal policy is to make occupations. Employment is associated with instruction as higher instruction enables anyone, non sing his present state of affairs to travel up within society ( Sonny, 2009 ) .Singapore s establishments teach and train their pupils with cardinal accomplishments like authorship, reading and speech production in at least two known linguistic communication. Content cognition in the assorted subjects ( from History to Economics ) can be acquired by the pupils as a manner to construct up facts and information in their head. As one forward motion further up in the instruction ladder, they will likely be taught a repertoire of advanced accomplishments such as, analysis, appraisal and application of cognition and effectual societal communicating. Students are besides being developed morally. Hence, pupils will be literate and equipped with the necessary life-skills accomplishments, moral values and indispensable cognition in their readying for their eventual entryway into society. As a consequence, they will be expected to understand the bing jobs in his society and seek to come up with amicable solutions by make usage of his text-book cognition and use them in world. As engineering progresss in Singapore, more foreign investors would construct their concern units in the state, pickings to more employment which would take to a better quality of life. Due to global-shift, Singapore have been undergoing postindustrial passage , switching the industries towards the Tertiary, more specialized quaternate and highly specialized & amp advanced quinary sectors. These sectors normally require an educated work force which is capable of supplying services, affecting specialized cognition, proficient accomplishments, communicating, or administrative competency ( Fellmann, 2010 ) . The presence of skilled and gifted workers with diverse abilities plays a critical single-valued function in impeling Singapore s quest in get the better ofing the challenges of a knowledge-based economic system. This amplifies the importance of instruction and its intent in the economic advancement of Singapore.Although Singapore is a First universe oasis in a Third universe part ( Kluver & A Weber, 2003 ) , its work force should neer choke up acquisition. Dr. Goh Keng Swee famously declared that Singapore will die if there is no economic growing. Students should be informed about the economic effects on Singapore if cognition remains dead and this outlook should be strongly emphasized in the instruction system.As such, the Ministry of Education ( Singapore ) implemented educational attacks like Teach Less, Learn More ( TLLM ) in order to develop pupils with a holistic instruction, developing them in an advanced manner and fiting them with of import accomplishments to last in a globalized universe ( Tan, 2007 ) . In a cognition economic system, Ability Driven Education purposes to fit and fix scholars to get the better of the challenges, by taking into history their single accomplishments and endowments, and develop their potencies Charlene Tan, 2005, 6 ( 4 ) , 446-453 ) . Creativity and invention are chief fuels of a knowledge-based economic system hence Singapore pupils are expected to make fresh cognition from the 1s that they have already learnt ( Ng Eng Hen, 2002 ) . Based on the TLLM attack, instructors began to learn lesser content cognition and pupils are expected to research and discover certain cognition through their ain research.However, being exam-orientated, most parents, pupils and instructors believe that hiting good classs is needed to progress further in instruction advancement and finally stand out in society wh ich means that a paper pursuit for academic acknowledgment in society is inevitable. It resulted in most pupils being provided with tuition in order to reenforce their acquisition.Harmonizing to the Singapore Department of Statistics, approximately $ 820 million were spent on private tuition in 2008, up from $ 470 million spent in 1998 ( HARSHA, 2010 ) . During the one-year major exam period ( from Sep November ) schools runing from Primary to the Junior Colleges offer excess after school Sessionss audiences, dark survey with instructors and mock scrutiny paper for its pupils ( Jane & A Leow, 2010 ) .Presently, TLLM failed in accomplishing its chief end of developing a creative and believing coevals of pupils. In other words, the instruction policies are seen as killing alternatively of developing a pupil s creativeness as they still rely on tuition ( a pattern of spoon-feeding of cognition by coachs ) alternatively of making their ain research. Teachers continue to give tuit ions on a frequent footing as they fear that pupils may non be able to get by with their progressively demanding course of study. Furthermore, pupils have to accommodate good analyzing wonts. It is besides non executable for pupils to analyze voteless merely when the major scrutinies are nearing or what the Chinese say, Hugging the Buddha s leg at the 11th hr . Students must be invariably fixity and upgrading themselves manner before the scrutinies they will be able to better develop echt involvement in the assorted Fieldss of surveies and the coveted result of life-long acquisition can be achieved even after the pupil s graduation.In readying for a knowledge-based economic system, pupils and instructors must construe the intent of TLLM in a similar and right way. Singapore instructors should presume a greater function and duty than of all time before and they themselves have to invariably upgrade themselves with new accomplishments and to be receptive to new cognition. Besides that, instructors have to take enterprise to construct a sure bond with pupils and utilize their pedagogical accomplishments in educating the different groups of pupils prosecuting them in their acquisition journey and developing pupils ego involvement for farther pursue of cognition. Self-reflection by pupils and instructors can help in holding a more constructive course of study, guaranting that larning and learning aims are met.The society has to back up and ease the development of instructors and pupils by supplying financess for certain school undertakings like assorted instruction position classs catered for instructors and pupils in order to promote their chances in TLLM. Ultimately, it is non merely a simple affair of instruction s economic impacts, but besides of enliven assurance in pupils, parents, and teachers-society-that the educational attack has begun to map ( STEFANOS, 1981 ) .DecisionIn a knowledge-based economic system, every bit of import rational, moral, ph ysical and societal facets of one s full potency can be achieved ( Chen, 2000 ) . Singapore s instruction system must be designed to guarantee pupils inquiry, warrant their personal actions and ground out why jurisprudence is enforced in society. Students should be given informed pick in accommodating good behaviours non simply following the civilization passed down from old coevals. Knowledge will go on to be accumulated, and this will decidedly take to society s dynamic alterations in way.Society should neer stay dead because the hereafter is ever surrounded by uncertainnesss. As society continues to germinate, the educational intents must invariably be revamped in order to declare up with the increasing demands of its milieus and remain relevant to society in the twenty-first century and beyond.( 2150 Words )

Organizational Structure Presentation Annotated Bibliography Essay

An systemal structure defines how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervising be directed towards the achievement of disposalal aims. It can also be considered as the viewing drinking glass or perspective through which individuals see their organization and its environment. Organizational Structure Presentation Annotated Bibliography Buchbinder, S.B., & Shanks, N.H. (2012). Introduction to health care way (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA Jones & Bartlett Learning. In Organizational Behavior and Management Thinking is the overview of organizational behavior in health care. It identify how perceptions, thinking, mental models, and other thinking patterns play out in organizational life. It help passenger vehicles with communication, problem solving, and decision making solely relying on the managers training. Employees are key to an organizations success, how well the manager interacts and body of works with a variety of individuals is key to a managers success. A manager who is skilled in organizational behavior will be able to work effectively with employees and colleagues across the organization, assisting and influencing them to support and achieve organization goals. International Journal for Quality in wellness Care, Promoting Quality The Health-Care Organization from a Management Perspective. Retrieved from http//www.medscape.com/viewarticle/568115_4 Total quality management projects have traditionally existed deep down hospital management administrative teams, while clinical care was a guarded realm of health care professionals. In an organizational and management structures that support the design and implementation of quality-improvement initiatives and create mechanisms for accountability for quality of care. health care organizations are constantly evolution, so organizational design should be considered avariable and evolving tool for ameliorate organizational performance.Healthcare delivery system in the 20th century are ado pting a operational model based functional area various clinical departments, nursing, laboratory services that has a manager that reports to higher management levels and eventually to the hospitals chief executive officer. Doucette, C. (2014). Internal and External Factors that pertain an Organization. In Small Business Chronicle. Retrieved sublime 1, 2015, from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/internal-external-factors-affect-organization-16641.html The article explain how the structure is an internal factor that impacts your organization on an everyday basis. Improving the internal and external factors effects the culture of your organization by victimisation interpersonal relationships, providing training materials, naturalsletters, philosophical statements and policies will help you employees to strive to achieve their goals.The author show how the neediness of effective communication among the internal and external department can hinder the growth of your organization. She e xplain that your stockholder, investor, and consumer are affected when lack of communication impacts your organization image and possibly putting your organization out of business. beingness that she is owns and operate a small business give insight on how to keep your from failing. Pizzini, W. (2002). The role of management control systems in health care organizations.Business Administration, Accounting Health Sciences, Health Care Management. Retrieved August 1, 2015, from http//repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3043938 The efficacy of management control systems (MCS) in containing health care organizations salutes with healthcare cost on a steady rise it is necessary.From the standpoint of the organization financial mangers the ultimate goal is the decrease the cost while still maintaining quality care the patients while implementing Total Quality Management (TQM) programs and/or new cost systems. As financial managers you are held responsible to upper management to achieve financial targets that result to the overall profitability of the corporation. Neira, M. (n.d.). Preventing disease through healthy environments. World Health Organization. Retrieved August 1, 2015, from http//www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/prevdisexecsume.pdf?ua=1

Overview of the Research Process for Business Students

What is search? plenty undertake research in order to expose things out in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge (Jankowicz, 1995). Systematic suggests that research is based on logical relationships and not just beliefs (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2010). To find things out suggests there are a multiplicity of possible purposes for your research (Becker, 1998). It is therefore an activity which has to be finished at nearly point to be of use.The results of research really are all most us in everyday liveness. Politicians oftentimes justify their policy decisions on the basis of research Newspapers tale the findings of research companies. Documentary programmes tell us about research findings and advertisers may highlight the results of research to aid consumers to buy a particular product or brand. The most difficult hurdle to overcome in doing research is not in learning the techniques or doing the actual work or even penning the report.The biggest obstacle, surp risingly, lies in figuring out what you want to know. Two fusss are very common choosing a bailiwick which is too broad or dressing up a field (Kane, 1987) Formulating and clarifying the research topic is the starting point of research (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2010 Smith and Dainty 1991). Most research originates from a general line. Usually, the problem is broad enough that it could not be addressed in a single research study.Consequently, the problem is narrowed into a to a greater extent specific research question. A well-constructed research question is one set forth by Maylor and Blackmon (2005, p. 54) which identifies the scope of the research and guides the plan of the project. The research question is the central issue world addressed in the study and from this research objectives stomach be set. The table below sets out criteria to service devise useful research objectives. Criterion PurposeTransparency The meaning of the research objective is sink and unambiguous Spe cificity The purpose of the research objective is resolve and easily understood, as are the actions required to effectuate it Relevancy The research objectives link to the research question and wider research project is clear Interconnectivity Taken together as a set, the research objectives illustrate the steps in the research adjoin from its start to its conclusion, without leaving any gaps. In this way the research objectives form a coherent satisfying Answerability The intended outcome of the research objective is achievable.Where this relates to information, the nature of the data required willing be clear or at least implied Measurability The intended product of the research objective will be evident when it has been achieved Saunders (2012) look into Methods for championship Students, Table 2. 3 p. 44 Literature Review A publications review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge on a particular topic. Its ultimate goal is to b ring the reader up to date with current writings and forms the basis for another goal, such as justification for future research the area. Knowledge does not follow in a vacuum, and your work only has value in relation to other peoples (Jankowicz, 2005). It seeks to describe, summarise, evaluate, and clarify/ flux the content of previous researches and assists in limiting the scope of inquiry while conveying the importance of study a topic to readers. Literature sources open include Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. Primary data is original data that has been imperturbable from the original source with a purpose in mind.Secondary sources are the subsequent publication of radical literature and tertiary sources (search tools) are designed to all help locate primary and substitute(prenominal) literature or to introduce a topic. Tertiary Indexes Databases Catalogues Encyclopaedias Dictionaries Bibliographies Citation Indexes Secondary Journals Books Newspapers Government Publica tions Primary Reports Theses Emails Company Reports unpublished Manuscripts Some Government Publications Increasing time to publish Increasing level of detail Saunders (2012) search Methods for Business Students Table 3. 3, p82 Primary versus Secondary ResearchPrimary data has not been published and so is more reliable, authentic and objective. It has not been changed or altered by human beings therefore its validity is greater than secondary data however it is important to remember it can only be considered as reliable as the people who collect it. Gathering data in this way is time consuming, and incurs a high cost. More resources tend to be required and it can result in inaccurate feedback. Secondary data is less valid alone it is readily available and can be reused. It is cheaper and quicker to obtain in comparison to primary data.In some circumstances primary data does not exist and so one has to confine the research of secondary data. The Research Process Research is not n eutral, but reflects a range of the researchers ad hominem interests, values, abilities, assumptions aims and ambitions. The research philosophy depends on the way you think about the development of knowledge (Saunders et al. 2000, p. 84) Collis and Hussey (2003, p. 52) highlight twain main research philosophies and detail that there can be overlap between the two and some(prenominal) positions may be identifiable in any research project. They are the positivistic and phenomenological.Positivistic approaches are founded on the belief that the study of human behaviour should be conducted in the same way as studies conducted in the natural sciences. Therefore seeking to identify measure and evaluate any phenomena and to provide a rational number explanation for it. This approach attempts to establish casual links and relationships between the different elements (or variables) of the subject and relate them to a particular supposition or practice. Phenomenological approaches howev er, approach research from the perspective of understanding behaviour from the participants own infixed frames of reference.Research rules are chosen, therefore, to try and describe, translate and explain and interpret events from the perspectives of the people who are the subject of the research. The avocation plot describes the research functioning onion that supports the researcher to depict the issues underlying the preference of data collection methods (Saunders, 2012 Research Methods for Business Students, Fig 4. 1, p. 128) The layers of research represent the following aspects * Research philosophy * Research approach * Research strategy/methodology * Time horizons and * Data collection methods Research Approach Deductive or inducive? It is the theory that decides what can be observed Albert Einstein Bryan & Bell (2007) state that the researcher will either use 1) deductive in which a theory and hypothesis is developed and a strategy is designed to test the hypothesis, or 2) inductive approach will be used in which the data is collected and as the result of data analysis theory and hypothesis are developed. However, Mason (2001, p. 181) supports the use of more than one research approach, it is worth pointing out that most research strategies (approaches) in practice probably die hard on a combination of these (inductive or deductive) approaches.What is the difference between method and methodology? A method is a technique used for gathering evidence or the various shipway in which proceed in gathering information. Methodology is the underlying theory of how research does or should proceed, often influenced by discipline. Research Strategy The research strategy is of paramount important in setting the parameters and creating the credibility of any study. harmonize to Collis and Hussey (2003, p. 55) research methodology refers to the overall approaches and perspectives to the research process as a whole and is concerned with the following main issues Why you collected certain data * What data you collected * Where you collected it * How you collected it * How you analysed it The choice of research strategy is dependent on the research questions and objectives, the extent of existing knowledge, the amount of time and resources available and the philosophical foundations (Saunders et al. 2007). There are various research strategies proposed by different authors including experiment, survey, case study, action research, grounded theory and ethnography. Experiment is a classical form of research which allows studying the effect of change, an independent variable can bring in another dependent variable (Hakim, 2000) * Survey is a methodology which is usually associated with the deductive approach and is mostly used in the situations where there is a need to collect the data from a large population in an economical manner (Saunder et al, 2007) * Case Study is defined as a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon within its real life context using multiple sources of evidence (Robson, 2000 178) * Action Research is focused on finding a way to bring about a change in a controlled environment * Grounded theory is often thought of as the best example of inductive approach as the hypothesis is developed from the data generated by a series of observations (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) * Ethnography is a research strategy which focuses on acquiring the loving knowledge in order to understand the observed patterns of human activity (Hussey & Hussey, 1997) Ethical Issues Ethical concerns may emerge at all stages of research. Saunders et al. (2007, p. 31) summarise the main issues to consider, although ethical issues surrounding these items are not of all time clear * The rights of privacy of individuals * Voluntary nature of participation and the rights of individuals to withdraw partially or completely from the process * Consent and possible decept ion of participants (Appendix ? ) * Maintenance of confidentiality of data provided by individuals or identifiable participants and their anonymity * Reactions of participants to the ways which researchers seek to collect data * Effects on participants of the way data is analysed and reported * Behaviour and objectiveness of the researcher Reliability and Validity

Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action Essay

Affirmative action is a indemnity that is aimed at providing decreed measures to remedy effects of past discrimination against members of certain groups (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.2). One of the beas that suffer underrepresentation of the diverse, underrepresented individuals and minority group in colleges is the laws schools and subsequently in the legal profession. The questioned posed is Is favourable action the best beginning to alleviating this crisis or is it the major ca mapping to take upher with other practices that have contributed to these underrepresentation? First of all is the admission procedure. gate selection considers those with a bachelors degree for an accredited university or college. Few underrepresented minority students are able to attend college and obtain the relevant qualifications. Moreover, there are disparities in number of applicants and the number who get enrolled. For example in 2000, 74500 individuals submitted their application to AB A- approved school and an estimate of 67% of the total were admitted (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 4). This illustrates a disfigure in the acceptance procedure that focus on higher virtuousness in which its well enter trend that underrepresented minorities score less on the Law Schools Admission Test (LSAT). Secondly the individual declare bar exams are a severe impediment. While the LSAT remains a reliable predictor of succeeder in law school and the Law School Admission Council (makers of the LSAT), warn against over-reliance on numerical qualifiers all (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 5). Raised cut off points detriment the minorities who are dis relatively at the bottom in addendum the bars are also misapplied. The percentage of residents in a state should have a proportionate percentage at the law school. The lack of a national bar does also contribute to this issue. The supra two examples illustrate why affirmative action is needed in lev eling admissions. Higher merit and higher cut off points are serving to lock out minority groups from accessing law education. In coming up with a criteria for selection, the selection board should put into consideration performance of minority groups which is at the lower end of the spectrum. Terry Eastland suggests that affirmative action promotes discrimination. He argues that there is nothing like positive or negative discrimination. In Higher education for example, when the institution behaves a lower grade for colorize students, the act in itself urinates discrimination. These groups of students who will be enrolled under affirmative action are well aware(p) that they are in that position due to their race. It is a negative experience that is not easy to erase. sometimes attitudes from the majority students will affect the students from the minority. The majority students may not look at the minority as equals. Affirmative action leads to stigma. Eastland says tha t very few people are aware of the abilities and potential of the marginalized groups. In this incase they are likely to be less respected and less valued. This can end up psycho system of logically affecting these groups and it can be worsened if they fail to perform. Terry end believes that an environment should an equal work basis. If students have to be enrolled for higher education, it should be based on merit and not race. This will create an equal working environment of mutual relationship. Furthermore, Eastland equates Affirmative action to lower standards. The rationale of having a constitution that sets asides positions after a normal measuring rod creates a barrier between quality and less quality. By having this policy, institutions are accepting that results posted from minority groups are of lesser quality and lesser magnitude to that from the majority. polity makers argue that the minority are affected by certain factors that make them not to equal results of the majority. It then(prenominal) beats logic that it would be easier resolving factors that make minority perform lesser than providing a criterion that guarantee certain results. Terry Eastland comments and views in regard to affirmative action tend to disapprove use of affirmative action against underrepresentation based on color. His views do not factor underrepresentation due to sexual urge. However the logic behind his reasons and those of other scholars can equally be equated to affirmative action on gender and call down segregation Gender affirmative actions have shown to improve the status of women in the society. In fact advocates for gender affirmative actions have sprung from various women activists and organizations. Women have gained access to representations in legislative organs, various courses in colleges that stereotypically were set for men. However it is urged that continuous paying attention to a group of people will result in then differences becom ing more salient than the commonalities among people (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.11). This statement so emphasizes Terry Eastlands arguments against affirmative action. To conclude, the benefits of affirmative action are actually visible. Moving forward however, the fundamental principles of affirmative action calculate to have been overtaken with time. Putting into consideration Terry Eastland arguments in regard to affirmative action, the negatives of affirmative action overbalance the positives. Affirmative action has led to lower productivity, increased segregation and stigmatization. The call to end affirmative actions thus is justified.ReferencesClayton, Susan D, and Faye J. Crosby. Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action. Ann Arbor, Mich Univ. of Michigan Press, 1992. Print.Law Schools Admission Council. Pre Conference Report (2005) Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline. Retrieved from http//www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/op/pipelineconf/PipelinePostReport.au thcheckdam.pdf credit document

John Locke and Land Ownership

John Locke and Land Owner venture John Locke in The Second Treatise of Civil brass makes several key arguments about what makes land ownable, these ideologies differ from how land monomania contributes in the States b atomic number 18ly it is easy to see how Americas advance(prenominal) days could have aligned with this ideology. In this report I leave behind focus on two key tenets that Locke believed in that ar elementary requirements for land will power.The first of these is that land ownership is obtained through labor and that items on the land have no value until labor is applied and the second describes governments role in land ownership as simply being that the labor applied to land precedes government and government commode non dispose of the e differentiates of the subjects every which way and instead should be limited to securing the life and property of its citizens, and is only necessary because in an ideal, anarchic state of nature, various problems arise t hat would make life more insecure than under the protection of a nominal state.These two principles each(prenominal)ow for the easy identification of claimed lands. While at the same time yield the essential and encouragement to individuals so that they will want to find land that they prat then harness through labor and thus make their own land. It is because of these reasons and more that land ownership through labor is a must for a successful clubhouse and a functioning government. In order to ensure that these principles are being viewed and judge from the same sensory faculty of meaning a few key words need to be defined as used in this paper.The marge land ownership is vital to this paper and its meaning will be defined as, the owner of contiguous property that has been improved upon from nature to provide for ones living. The term labor will only be used in reference to labor upon an individuals land and will reference, human time and effort endue in to a particula r task. The term government will reference only the real ruling body that influences daily life based on policies and procedures they enact. At the last term reward will refer to, an item or exchange of labor promised or normally evaluate given in exchange for labor or with no expectation of any kind of return.The principle that labor is a prerequisite to land ownership fits in perfectly with the needs and situation of the early American nation. Outside of key city areas a majority of this nations land was unclaimed and unused bearing none of the fruits of labor and essentially leaving all of its value unclaimed and untouched. With a bounty of land larger than anyone person could very work and apply labor to, it made sense to encourage land expansion. With land expansion individuals could claim land through labor and the value and goods on that land would no longer go to waste as unused items that could have benefitted society as a whole.The second principle helps to place limits on what the government can do once a parcel of land is owned by an individual. It is safe to say that any reasonable person would not like to see their possessions and livelihood wiped away with one fell swoop, but if governments have no restrictions in the use of their power it would be all too easy to force almostone from their land, effectively robbing them of all their possessions and the livelihood that past labor has brought them.This is why Locke insisted that the government role in land owner ship remain limited in scope only to the extent that is needed to ensure this doesnt happen. Without this authorization from governmental takeover acts similar to his could become standard practice. An unjust government might routinely accomplish these actions, unjustly claiming the land. This would go in a diminishment of the value of labor and would remove the incentives to work land and would result in a decrease in goods.Because of this looming brat it is clear that government must have some restrictions on acquiring land to avoid unjust actions and encourage a general sense of give and security in the government. A government that is without citizens that have some sort of trust and security provided by having a reliable, continual and trustworthy shelter is bound to fail since this is a basic need of human race in general. Modern science can help prove the stress and spare energy wasting disease humans endure if they cant find a sense of comfort, safety and belonging a study performed by Dr.Gilman while at Princeton University showed, humans that are in constant fear of sledding of shelter expend an average of 2900 calories daily (Gilman 03/01/2012), along with this extra energy expenditure a privation of shelter creates stress that in turn creates a reduction in productivity. This stress can actually change the human brain reaction method resulting in it , going from more sophisticated but slower modes to the faster miens of the older brains wh en we are under stress (Gilman 03/01/2012).This change in brain behavior limits creative thinking and essentially devolves human thought to a lower state this combined with the change magnitude calories expenditure creates a vast pool of diminished talent that when viewed in a large scale leaf population level, results in a huge waste of resources that could be easily pared by the presumption of land ownership and security. The easiest way for a government to meet this need is to let individuals provide additional goods to society by applying labor to their land thereby reducing their energy requirements and providing goods for the benefit of all.With all the complications that are possible when it comes to providing for the needs of the many, it only makes to allow individuals the freedom of land ownership that will help reduce their needs while simultaneously benefitting others. This notion of having some sort of fruit from your labor is fundamental to increase ones value and having a desire to perform work that can be practiced to all. A study from Yale University performed by Dr.Greene helps to illustrate just how deeply rooted this concept is into human psychology, an individual will work perform work equivalent to their valuation of a reward. The study was meant to determine the join of work an individual would perform without a reward versus the amount of work performed for a reward. The study reason out that, any individual who was assigned a tasked performed that task to completion with more detail and more expeditiously when rewarded as compared to no reward (Mark et al. 1978).This study helps to demonstrate that human psychology insists that any individual will perform more work and therefore be a more productive member of society if only that individual receives something for the labor they put in. As mentioned earlier if an individual lives under constant threat of having everything taken from them it is essentially making them perform labo r on their land without a reward resulting in less work being performed and less goods for all of mankind, the only solution that removes this fear is placing limits on when and if a government can take someones land from them.With removal of this fear an individual can and likely will utilize labor to its fullest extend thereby adding value to the land. It is clear that the benefits of land ownership as defined through the use of labor allows for the creation of the trump out society possible, one that can help to provide for mankind as a whole, increase the value and abilities of its citizens that actively partake and utilizes the resources at hand to the best of its abilities without waste and undue stress. A society that is free of these constraints and provided with the best ossible reward for work and sense of security can only flourish and enjoy the fruits of their labor helping to create the best future possible.Works Cited Gilman, Robert. Context Institute, The Inside Stor y Understanding the structure of the brain. Last modified 03/01/2012. Accessed September 22, 2012. Mark, Lepper, and Greene David. Lawrence Erlbaum, The occult costs of reward new perspectives of the psychology of human motivation. Last modified 1978. Accessed September 22, 2012.

Contributions of Tun Dr Mahathir Essay

Dr Mahathir was Malaysias fourth Prime curate and he worked very hard to develope our country since the day he was appointed as the Prime Minister. Dr M served as the prime minister of Malaysia for 22 social classs. He created a concept called VISION 2020, where by the year 2020 Malaysia is expected to be a fully developed country. He called upon the entire citizens of Malaysia to work harder and to prepare themselves to real achieve that vision. Dr M transformed Malaysia from a country that completely depended on self-subsistant agriculture, cultivation of rubber and brook mining, into a vibrant economic country based on trading and industrialisation. Malaysia now has heavy and high-pitched technology industries that have become more developed and competitive with other developed countries in the world. also that, Dr Mahathir took steps to enable Malaysia to face the future by establishing the Multimedia Super Corridor, which emphasizes Information Technology as a very importa nt asset for the country in the smart millennium. Dr Mahathir also announced the study Car Project (Proton), which is one of the many important developments of Malaysia in achieving Vision 2020. In the field of literature, Dr Mahathir has contributed greatly since his schooling days.Due to his great interest in writing, Dr Mahathir was an editor of a magazine called Darulaman. Other than that, Dr Mahathir successfully handled the financial crisis 1997 and stabilized the Malaysian economy. All schools were equipped with computers with the help of Dr Mahathir. Dr Mahathir helped Malaysia to not depend too a good deal on neighbouring country ports by constructing Malaysias own major ports. This helped Malaysia to reduce foreign currency escapism until now. Dr Mahathir beginned various large scale national projects, such as the North-South Highway, The Multimedia Super Corridor, Malaysias new administrative capital Putrajaya, Port of Tanjung Pelepas, KLIA in Sepang, and an adjacent Formula One Circuit, Olympic-class stadium in Bukit Jalil and the Petronas geminate Towers, the tallest twin towers in the world, the worlds tallest building from 1997-2003, that has become the symbol of modern Malaysia.

REDUCING TYPICAL PROPOSAL WEAKNESSES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

REDUCING TYPICAL PROPOSAL WEAKNESSES - Essay manikinFinances is an issue business owners find hard to part with but in order to father the bets proposal, realistic cost estimates must be set and adhered to. Lastly is to have an in depth perceptiveness of the purpose of the proposal and how it can be beneficial to the business. This understanding will allow the owner to be on the fore front of the proposal from start to end.In solicited proposal, it is the customer who has requested for it while in unsolicited, the company send the customer the proposal without them having asked. Solicited proposals are paid much more attention to and the discipline is relevant to the customer unlike in unsolicited proposal where there are high chances of it non being read as well as the information not being useful to the customer. Amendments stool clarification on issues of debate for both parties hence solving their differences and creating a relationship in the persistent